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USS ''O'Bannon'' (DD/DDE-450), a , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon (1784–1850), the Marine Corps's "hero of Derna". ''O'Bannon'' was laid down by Bath Iron Works Corp. in Bath, Maine on 3 March 1941, and launched 19 February 1942, sponsored by Mrs. E. F. Kennedy, descendant of Lieutenant O'Bannon. ''O'Bannon'' and her sister ship ''Nicholas'' (DD-449) were the first two ''Fletcher''s to be launched. ''O'Bannon'' was commissioned at Boston on 26 June 1942, Commander Edwin R. Wilkinson in command. ''O'Bannon'' was the US Navy's most decorated destroyer during World War II, earning 17 battle stars and a Presidential Unit Citation. == 1942 == ''O'Bannon'' briefly trained for war in the Caribbean and sailed from Boston on 29 August 1942 for the Southwest Pacific, where the long and arduous Guadalcanal campaign had just begun. For over a year, the Navy—stretched thin to cover its worldwide commitments at a period when new ships were just beginning to join the fleet in any number—was to fight and fight again in the Solomon Islands in one of the most bitterly contested campaigns of history, wresting air and sea control from the Japanese and providing the Marine Corps and the Army with every possible support as they gained ground inch by inch on the myriad islands. Assigned the Destroyer Squadron 21 (DesRon 21), ''O'Bannon'' played a valiant part in these endeavors, winning a Presidential Unit Citation.〔 Based at Nouméa, New Caledonia, ''O'Bannon'' first escorted ''Copahee'' (CVE-12) on a run to Guadalcanal, where on 9 October, twenty Marines flew their F4F Wildcats off ''Copahee''s decks, desperately needed as reinforcements at beleaguered Henderson Field. Through the remainder of the month, ''O'Bannon'' sailed the New Hebrides and southern Solomons on escort duty. On 7 November at Nouméa, she joined Rear Admiral Daniel J. Callaghan's Support Group, ready to sail with a convoy carrying critical reinforcements, replacements, food, ammunition, and aviation material.〔 On the approach to Guadalcanal, ''O'Bannon'' sighted and fired on a surfaced enemy submarine, holding it down while the convoy passed safely. On the afternoon of 12 November, the partially unladen transports were attacked by sixteen enemy torpedo bombers; eleven were shot down. ''O'Bannon'' fired on four of the enemy planes.〔 Now came word that the Japanese were moving south in force. Two battleships, a light cruiser, and 14 destroyers were bound to destroy Henderson Field by bombardment, to break up the American reinforcement mission, and to cover reinforcement movements of their own. ''O'Bannon'' and the other ships of the Support Force, two heavy and three light cruisers and eight destroyers, confronted the greatly superior enemy early on 13 November in Ironbottom Sound, so named for the number of ships on both sides sunk there during the Guadalcanal campaign. ''O'Bannon'' boldly attacked the Japanese battleship , closing so near, the battleship could not depress her main battery far enough to fire on the destroyer. ''O'Bannon''s gunfire, in combination with the attacks of the rest of the force, damaged ''Hiei'' so badly that she was a sitting duck for the air attack, which forced her scuttling the next day.〔 This first engagement of the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal was short but furious; two American light cruisers, in one of which Rear Admiral Norman Scott lost his life, and four destroyers were lost, while two Japanese destroyers were sunk, and ''Hiei'' prepared for her doom. Above all, the Japanese were turned back, and Henderson Field was saved from destruction. The importance of this success is illustrated by the fact that the next day, Henderson aviators sank eleven enemy troop transports attempting to reinforce the island.〔 Through October 1942, ''O'Bannon'' protected landings, carried out escort duties from Nouméa and Espiritu Santo to Guadalcanal and Tulagi, joined in bombardments at Guadalcanal, Munda, and Kolombangara, and shouldered her share of the nightly patrols up "the Slot", guarding against Japanese reinforcements.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS O'Bannon (DD-450)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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